How to Find All Reading Counts Quiz Answers

Making Every Drop Count

A - A description of aboriginal water supplies

The history of man culture is entwined with the history of the means we have learned to manipulate h2o resources. As towns gradually expanded, water was brought from increasingly remote sources, leading to sophisticated engineering efforts such as dams and aqueducts. At the height of the Roman Empire, nine major systems, with an innovative layout of pipes and well-built sewers, supplied the occupants of Rome with every bit much water per person equally is provided in many parts of the industrial globe today.

B - How a global claiming was met

During the industrial revolution and population explosion of the 19th and 20th centuries, the demand for h2o rose dramatically. Unprecedented structure of tens of thousands of awe-inspiring engineering projects designed to control floods, protect clean water supplies, and provide h2o for irrigation and hydropower brought dandy benefits to hundreds of millions of people. Nutrient production has kept pace with soaring populations mainly because of the expansion of artificial irrigation systems that make possible the growth of 40 % of the world's food. Nearly 1 5th of all the electricity generated worldwide is produced by turbines spun by the ability of falling h2o.

C - The relevance to health

All the same there is a night side to this picture: despite our progress, half of the world's population nonetheless suffers, with h2o services inferior to those available to the ancient Greeks and Romans. Every bit the Un report on access to water reiterated in November 2001, more one billion people lack admission to make clean drinking h2o; some two and a half billion practice non accept acceptable sanitation services. Preventable water-related diseases impale an estimated 10,000 to 20,000 children every day, and the latest evidence suggests that we are falling behind in efforts to solve these problems.

D - Environmental effects

The consequences of our h2o policies extend across jeopardising human health. Tens of millions of people have been forced to motility from their homes - often with trivial warning or compensation - to brand way for the reservoirs behind dams. More than 20 % of all freshwater fish species are now threatened or endangered considering dams and h2o withdrawals have destroyed the gratis-flowing river ecosystems where they thrive. Certain irrigation practices degrade soil quality and reduce agronomical productivity. Groundwater aquifers* are existence pumped downwards faster than they are naturally replenished in parts of India, Mainland china, the USA and elsewhere. And disputes over shared water resources take led to violence and proceed to raise local, national and even international tensions.

*underground stores of water

E - Scientists' telephone call for a revision of policy

At the outset of the new millennium, however, the way resource planners recollect about h2o is starting time to modify. The focus is slowly shifting back to the provision of basic human and environmental needs every bit top priority - ensuring 'some for all,' instead of 'more than for some'. Some water experts are now demanding that existing infrastructure be used in smarter ways rather than building new facilities, which is increasingly considered the choice of concluding, not showtime, resort. This shift in philosophy has not been universally accepted, and information technology comes with strong opposition from some established water organisations. Nonetheless, it may be the but fashion to address successfully the pressing problems of providing anybody with clean water to drink, adequate h2o to grow nutrient and a life free from preventable water-related illness.

F - A surprising downward trend in demand for water

Fortunately - and unexpectedly - the demand for water is non rising as rapidly as some predicted. As a result, the pressure to build new water infrastructures has diminished over the past ii decades. Although population, industrial output and economical productivity have continued to soar in developed nations, the rate at which people withdraw water from aquifers, rivers and lakes has slowed. And in a few parts of the globe, need has actually fallen.

G - An explanation for reduced water utilize

What explains this remarkable turn of events? 2 factors: people have figured out how to utilize h2o more than efficiently, and communities are rethinking their priorities for water use. Throughout the first iii-quarters of the 20th century, the quantity of freshwater consumed per person doubled on average; in the USA, h2o withdrawals increased tenfold while the population quadrupled. Just since 1980, the amount of water consumed per person has really decreased, thanks to a range of new technologies that help to conserve h2o in homes and industry. In 1965, for case, Japan used approximately 13 one thousand thousand gallons* of h2o to produce $1 1000000 of commercial output; by 1989 this had dropped to 3.5 1000000 gallons (fifty-fifty accounting for aggrandizement) - virtually a quadrupling of water productivity. In the U.s.a., h2o withdrawals have fallen by more 20 % from their summit in 1980.

H - The demand to enhance standards

On the other hand, dams, aqueducts and other kinds of infrastructure will still have to exist congenital, particularly in developing countries where basic human needs accept not been met. But such projects must be built to higher specifications and with more accountability to local people and their environment than in the past. And fifty-fifty in regions where new projects seem warranted, we must find ways to see demands with fewer resources, respecting ecological criteria and to a smaller upkeep.

* one gallon: four.546 litres

Questions ane-vii

Reading Passage has vii paragraphs, A-H.

Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A and C-H from the list of headings below.

Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes 1-vii on your answer sail.

List of Headings

i Scientists' call for a revision of policy

iiAn explanation for reduced water use

iiiHow a global challenge was met

4Irrigation systems fall into disuse

5Ecology effects

viThe fiscal price of recent technological improvements

viiThe relevance to wellness

8Addressing the concern over increasing populations

ixA surprising downward tendency in need for h2o

xThe need to enhance standards

elevenA description of ancient water supplies

14 Paragraph A
Answer: xi    Locate

Case	Reply
Paragraph B	iii

xvParagraph C
Reply: vii    Locate

16Paragraph D
Answer: v    Locate

17Paragraph E
Respond: i    Locate

18Paragraph F
Respond: nine    Locate

nineteenParagraph G
Respond: ii    Locate

twentyParagraph H
Answer: 10    Locate

Questions 8-13

Exercise the following statements agree with the data given in Reading Passage?

In boxes viii-xiii on your answer sheet, write

Ayeif the statement agrees with the claims of the writer

NOif the statement contradicts the claims of the author

Non GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks most this

8 Water use per person is college in the industrial earth than it was in Aboriginal Rome.
Reply: NO    Locate

nine Feeding increasing populations is possible due primarily to improved irrigation systems.
Answer: YES    Locate

10 Modernistic water systems imitate those of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
Respond: NOT GIVEN

11 Industrial growth is increasing the overall demand for h2o.
Answer: NO    Locate

12 Modern technologies accept led to a reduction in domestic water consumption.
Reply: Aye    Locate

13 In the future, governments should maintain ownership of water infrastructures.
Answer: Not GIVEN

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